Viluchinski Thermal springs Viluchinski
Thermal springs consist from two group of springs
with temperature 40'C till 60'C, situated in picturesque
valley of Viluch river, among petty forests and shrubs;
Springs are decorated with travers domes and dense
colony of thermophilic aquatic plants with specific
biological structure; slopes of river valley are good
for mountain-skiing sport; a little higher of springs
the river forms a nice 40 meters-high waterfall.
Nalichevo springs
Nalichevo springs are the biggest thermal carbonic
acid springs at Kamchatka; unloading between Goryachaya
and Zholtaya rivers at square more than 2 km2.
At the foot of Kruglaya mountain deposits of springs
created a big travers plate more than 50000 km2 with
dome, wich consist from carbonic and chalybeate-arsenic
deposits (dome was called "boiler"). Along
the plate a lot of hot springs come out, which form
brook. Ceround the dome are thermal swamps.
Along the river Goryachaya concentrated outlets of
therm as short hot streams, which falls into the cold
river, and also as shallow lakes, puddles and swamps.
At those streams and lakes growing great colony of
thermophilic aquatic plants. Which form manycoloured
dense pillows. The same springs at the river Zholtaya
(600m from mouth). From boiler till Goryachaya river
in 1955 was made four chinks, and one of them is active
till now. In this group is about 100 thermal springs
with temperature from 14 till 75'C. Their visible
debit is about 80 l/sec., and together with self-outpouring
of chinks is 110 l/sec. Waters of Nalichevo springs
are one of the seldom hydrochemical types; carbonic
acid, arsenic, boric, siliceons chloride-sodium-calcium
with medium mineralization; Springs are different
one from another by their degree of dilute with superficial
cold waters. They are weak-acid or weak-alkaline (pH
5,9-7,8) with general mineralization from 3,7 till
12 grams per liter and contain a lot of seldom elements
(iodine, arsenic, borine, and others). The same elements
are in precipitations (in high concentration), which
forms in places of outlets of waters surface.
Taloviye springs
Taloviye springs are 6 km from Nalichevo springs
at the left of Porozhistaya valley. Outlets are for
the space of 1 km, the temperature is about 31-38'C,
their visible debit is 6 l/sec. General outlets (called
"Taloviy boiler") is at the glade in dense
birch forest. Here at the foot of low hill, formed
two orange-bright travers domes 45 m. In diameter
and 13 m. In height. At surface of travers flows warm
streams. Space between domes and at the foot is swampy.
Water of the Taloviye springs has the same hydrochemical
structure as Nalichevo springs, but availability of
sulphuritand hygrocarbon is higher. And also there
is more of arsenic deposits at Taloviye springs. And
finally, Talovaya water tastes nice, not like Nalichevaya
water.
Krayevedcheskiye springs
Krayevedcheski springs come out at the banks of Talovaya
river in two kilometers higher than it falls into
the Shaibnaya river. Distance till Nalichevo springs
is 8 km. Outlets of thermal waters as single gryphones
and weak-ooze (out) are visible in 100 m. Swamp along
the river. The temperature of water is 32-52'C, summary
debit is 7 l/sec., it tastes like bitter-salty, and
the structure is like Nalichevo therms, but it has
higher miniralization. Krayevedcheski therms do not
deposit travers; in its gas structure is more of nitrogen.
Bolshiye Banniye springs
Bolshiye Banniye springs are famous from time of
visiting them by Krasheninnikov S.P. (1737-1740y.).
It is on the left side of Bannaya river and has 24
groups on the thermal square (1,5 km.) It has more
than 550 boiling, seetheing, fountaining sometimes
with geysers focused at the outlets of thermal water,
and also has mud boilers. Walls of single gryphones
and places around it are covered with geyserits. Big
plates of geyserits are testify about activity of
springs in the past. Chemical structure of water mainly
is sulphursodium with general mineralization about
0,7-1,4 grams per liter with cremni acid in it (300mg/l).
In gas structure mainly is nitrogen and CO2. Borine
and arsenic is in small amount in water and geyserit.
Maliye Banniye springs
Malliye Banniye springs are in 5 km from Bolshiye
Banniye, and also at the top of Bannaya river (left
bank), and at the right bank of Maliy kluch river.
Visible outlets of hot water (t=76'C) focused at small
square (36m2) where warm stream starts. At the places
of outlets of thermal water on the stones is salt
(sulphate and geyserit), and around the outlets is
usual thermophylic aquatic plants. The chemical structure
of water the same as Bolshiye Banniye has (sulphur-sodium).
Thermal springs of Khodutka
On the bottom of caldera, located on the place of
ancient Khodutka volcano, between stone-birch forests
and high-grass meadows there dispersed more than two
dozens hot springs. Those springs form lake and river
Goryachaya 1 km. long with width 15-20 m. and depth
0,5-2 m. The water temperatures are about 490C in
river-head and 370C in river-mouth. Temperature of
springs at the banks of river reaches 800C.
Water's chemical composition is hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium
with high mineralization (0,5 grams per liter) and
silicone acid content 90 mgr. per liter. Alongside
the gryphones and river banks variegated thermophilic
algae can be found. In Spring time coastal line around
the hot lake becomes lively green on the background
of surrounding white snow.
This is a place of wild geese, sandpipers and mountain
snipes hibernation.
Springs of Khodutka is a popular place of rest for
tourists. Here you may not only to take a thermal
bath but also to swim in natural thermal pool. The
best time for this - Spring, when hot water lightly
diluted by cold water from melted snow. Khodutka thermal
springs are declared as Nature's memorial of landscape
and balnealogical value.
Verchne-Zhirovski thermal springs
Verchne-Zhirivski steam currents and springs are
at the Upper Zhirovaya river, at the left side of
it. Outlets of springs and steam currents are like
difficult access gorges with very abrupt ages (few
hundreds meters in high). Thermal springs and steam
currents dispensed at large territory. Almost all
of them are at the steep slopes. There is three part
of slope, which like slopes of Severo-Mutnovski therms,
has steam currents and mud boilers, and warm plates
with boiling temperature; And also hot springs (60-72'C).
Chemical structure of steam is sulfat-calcium-sodium
with general mineralization about 0,2-0,5 grams per
liter.
Nizhne-Zhirovski thermal springs
Nizhne-Zhirovski thermal springs are in 9 km from
mouth of Zhirovaya river at the right side of it.
Ground at the main field (120x60m) warmed up to 40-60'C.
Outlets of thermal waters is like boiling reservoirs
(2 m in diameter), there is gryphones without visible
gutters, and hot springs. On the plate formed small
bath (pool) (42-98'C). There is two more thermal plates,
at the left bank of river (in 500m from main group
of springs); each plate is 150x70m gathering streams
to thermal waters with temperature about 35-84'C.
At the rivers-bed blue-green aquatic plants growing.
Chemical structure of water is chloride-sodium with
general mineralization about 1,2-1,5 g/l. Structure
of gas is carbonic acid-nitrogen.
Verchne-Paratunski thermal springs
Verchne-Paratunski springs are in the valley of Paratunka
river, in 2,5 km higher from falling in it Karimshino
river. Springs are at the slope of Goryachaya hill
which divides valleys of that rivers, at 80m in high.
Places of outlets of springs are visible, because
of steam and typical plants; Hot springs (more than
16 of them) are form three parallel warm streams.
In 70m from sources of stream is warm waterfall. Temperature
of water in springs is about 39-70'C. Water is chloride-sulphat
calcium-sodium moderate siliceous (till 45 mg/l) with
general mineralization about 1g/l and arsenic in it
(0,3 mg/l). Structure of free gas is nitrogen (97%).
Malkinski thermal springs
Malkinski
thermal springs are in picturesque place in 5km to
East from Malki village, on the left bank of Kluchoyvka
river (left tributary of Bistraya river). Valley of
river is 0,4-0,5km in wide and both sides are limited
with elevates covered with stone-birch forest. At
small thermal plate, covered with pebbles, is 6 groups
of gryphones (in them cold river water mixing with
thermal water). Waters of springs are hydrocarbonic-chloride-sulphate-sodium
with general mineralization till 0,7 g/l with cremnium
and arsenic acides. Structure of gas is nitrogenic.
Karimchinski hot springs
Karimchinski hot springs are in narrow valley, surround
with high rocks. A lot of outlets with temperature
about 65'C are in space of 4km along the river. At
the right bank, the hot water comes out from low bank
cliff, and forms a nice fragile aquatic plants. Ground
pools are at the same thermal plate. |